“No, Florida, Putting Kids in Jail Isn’t the Solution For Bullying”

ThinkProgress: “A Florida bill advanced in the Senate this week to make bullying a crime, including cyber-bullying online. The new offenses criminalize a range of “harassing” behavior, both in-person and on the Internet. And a second conviction would send perpetrators to jail for a year, criminalizing what is primarily a problem among youths.

The bill comes in response to concerns of escalating bullying, especially cyberbulling, and is named for 12-year-old Rebecca Sedwick, who committed suicide in September 2013, after two teen peers allegedly harassed her over her dating of a particular boy. While Rebecca’s case did not involve LGBT harassment, bullying has been a particular concern among LGBT youth.

The bill establishes that someone who “willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly harasses or cyberbullies another person commits the offense of bullying” — a misdemeanor — and that those who engage in such harassment accompanied by a threat are guilty of a third-degree felony.

The proposal moves to criminalize more youth behavior, even as Florida has made efforts to move away from a trend of criminalizing school misbehavior and giving kids an early introduction to the criminal system in what is known as the “school-to-prison pipeline.” Saddling kids with arrests, suspensions, and particularly juvenile detention for misbehavior has found to only exacerbate later behavior, and increase the likelihood that they will later commit other crimes.

These “zero tolerance” school policies that impose harsh punishment for misbehavior mete out punishment disproportionately not just on racial minorities, but also on lesbian, gay, and bisexual students, who are over-represented in the juvenile justice system. A recent Center for American Progress report finds that these overly punitive disciplinary policies are as detrimentalif not moreso to LGBT youth as the bullying itself.”

Read more.

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“Twin Cities religious leaders call for an end to mass student suspensions”

Star Tribune: “A coalition of religious leaders, parents and teachers on Thursday called for Minnesota schools to pass a moratorium on suspensions, citing the fact that students of color are disciplined much more frequently than white students.

Members of ISAIAH said they want to end the “school to prison pipeline” that occurs when students of color are systematically suspended or expelled.

Nekima Levy Pounds, a professor at the University of St. Thomas School of Law, cited statistics that showed 46,609 students were suspended, expelled or excluded during the 2011-2012 school year in Minnesota. Students of color accounted for 60 percent of all disciplinary action that school year.

“These statistics should break our hearts, and compel us all – especially in the faith community – to act in a transformative way,” she said at press conference at the state Capitol.

In addition to calling on a moratorium on suspensions, ISAIAH members are also asking schools to remove police from school discipline procedures.

ISAIAH’s call for action follows recent federal push for schools to ease up on suspensions.”

Read the rest here.

 

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“Suspensions at R.I. schools down; rates for minority students disproportionately high”

Providence Journal: PROVIDENCE, R.I. — “Although the total number of suspensions in Rhode Island public schools has declined dramatically, minority students are suspended at disproportionately higher rates than their white peers, according to the Rhode Island Affiliate of the American Civil Liberties Union.

Thanks to a new law prohibiting suspensions for attendance issues, the total number of suspensions has plummeted from nearly 22,000 in 2011-2012 to almost 16,000 suspensions during the last school year.

The ACLU says this represents the biggest drop in suspensions since 2004.

But, the study says, racial disparities “remain as bad, if not worse, than ever.”

“The vast majority of Rhode Island’s school districts and charter schools continue to suspend black and Hispanic students at rates disproportionate to their representation in the student body,” the ACLU says.

Stephanie Geller, policy analyst for Rhode Island Kids Count, said the consequences for high rates of suspension have been documented: students who are chronically absent are less likely to graduate

“We’ve been tracking suspensions for a number of years and have pointed out the disproportionate numbers of suspensions between white and minority students,” she said. “It’s nice to see this issue getting a lot of attention.”

According to the ACLU study, nearly 1,400 elementary school students were suspended; 147 were in first grade.

Black students were punished for disorderly conduct and insubordination at a rate nearly 31/2 times their representation in the school population.”

Read the rest here.

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“Juvenile justice system often leads to adult system, professor says”

The Ranger: “In the 2006, high school freshman Shaquanda Cotton, from Paris, Texas, briefly made national headlines for being convicted in juvenile court for assaulting a public servant.

Cotton tried to get on campus early to get her medication from the school nurse and was involved in an altercation with a teacher’s aide.

She received an indeterminate sentence for disruptive behavior and was sent to a Texas Youth Commission facility. An indeterminate sentence means there is no fixed term. She could have served until she was 21, but she served one year and was released because of good behavior.

Cotton’s situation is one of the examples Dr. Bill Bush presented Thursday in a lecture sponsored by the college’s Honors Academy, “The ‘School to Prison Pipeline’: Where Did it Come From?” to an audience of about 35 students and faculty.

Students from the social science, criminal justice and history programs attended.

Bush is a history professor and history and social sciences chair at Texas A&M University-San Antonio.

The phrase “school to prison pipeline” is known to professionals who work with adolescents.

Over the last 20 years, juvenile justice policy changes have created a situation for concern because students are being fast-tracked out of public education and into the criminal justice system, Bush said.

Bush suggested the “school to prison pipeline” has a particular racial and ethnic component that disproportionately affects non-white students and students with disabilities.

“What you see is a contested terrain in juvenile justice,” he said.

His reference to Cotton, a minority student diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, supports this.”

Read the rest here.

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“We were about to put this kid out of school, when what he really deserved was a medal.”

Yes! Magazine: “Tommy, an agitated 14-year-old high school student in Oakland, Calif., was in the hallway cursing out his teacher at the top of his lungs. A few minutes earlier, in the classroom, he’d called her a “b___” after she twice told him to lift his head from the desk and sit up straight. Eric Butler, the school coordinator for Restorative Justice for Oakland Youth (RJOY—the author is executive director of the organization) heard the ruckus and rushed to the scene. The principal also heard it and appeared. Though Butler tried to engage him in conversation, Tommy was in a rage and heard nothing. He even took a swing at Butler that missed. Grabbing the walkie-talkie to call security, the principal angrily told Tommy he would be suspended.

“I don’t care if I’m suspended. I don’t care about anything,” Tommy defiantly responded. Butler asked the principal to allow him to try a restorative approach with Tommy instead of suspending him.

Butler immediately began to try to reach Tommy’s mother. This angered Tommy even more. “Don’t call my momma. She ain’t gonna do nothing. I don’t care about her either.”

“Is everything OK?” The concern in Butler’s voice produced a noticeable shift in Tommy’s energy.

“No, everything is not OK.”

“What’s wrong?” Eric asked. Tommy was mistrustful and wouldn’t say anything else. “Man, you took a swing at me, I didn’t fight back. I’m just trying my best to keep you in school. You know I’m not trying to hurt you. Come to my classroom. Let’s talk.”

They walked together to the restorative justice room. Slowly, the boy began to open up and share what was weighing on him. His mom, who had been successfully doing drug rehabilitation, had relapsed. She’d been out for three days. The 14-year-old was going home every night to a motherless household and two younger siblings. He had been holding it together as best he could, even getting his brother and sister breakfast and getting them off to school. He had his head down on the desk in class that day because he was exhausted from sleepless nights and worry.”

Read the rest here.

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Christian Science Monitor: “Ohio boy suspended for pointing finger like a gun. ‘Zero tolerance’ run amok?”

Christian Science Monitor: “The suspension last week of an Ohio fifth-grader who formed his hand into the shape of a gun and pointed his finger “execution-style” at a classmate is fueling the debate over whether school administrators under pressure to keep schools safe are punishing students excessively for imaginative play.

Officials at Devonshire Alternative Elementary School defended their decision to suspend 10-year-old Nathan Entingh, whose hand they designated as a “level 2 lookalike gun.” Gun play at the school had become a problem, they said, and students and parents had been warned against it.

But the three-day suspension is already fodder for a movement in several state legislatures that seeks to force school officials to let up on what many parents and educators see as the overzealous prosecution of “zero tolerance” policies that bypass common sense and hurt children by punishing healthy imaginations and play.

Since the 1994 Gun-Free Schools Act mandated “zero tolerance” for students bringing guns to school, school officials have expanded that basic notion to include gun play with toy guns, food shaped into guns, and, now, in Ohio, even hand gestures. Recent school shootings, including the Sandy Hook massacre in December 2012, have ratcheted up tensions – and principals’ sensitivities.”

Read the rest here.

 

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Epoch Times: Bill Requests NYPD to Report Youth Arrest Data

Epoch Times: “Public Advocate Letitia James proposed a bill Wednesday requiring data on all NYPD youth arrests with a focus on those school-related.

“The goal of this legislation is to protect youth from unjustified arrests,” James said, according to a press release.

Under the law, New York City police will be required to create a report for youths under the age of 18 who were arrested for violations. The report will include charges, age, race, precinct, and address of the arrest.

This location of the arrest is central to the report since it will show if the arrest address corresponds to the address of the school.

Currently the School Safety Division compiles data on juvenile arrests, which include statistics of arrests made by NYPD personnel assigned to the school building. Arrests made outside school grounds or by precinct officers who are not stationed at the corresponding school, are not recorded.”

Read the rest here.

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The Uptake: “School-To-Prison Pipeline” Sparks Protest, School Walkout

The Uptake: “About sixty students from St. Paul’s Central High School walked out of their classes Wednesday (Feb. 26) as a statement against the “school-to-prison pipeline.” The students joined more than 100 protesters — many of them college students and other community members — who gathered outside the school before marching to the nearby St. Paul Reformation Lutheran Church for a program-cum-protest. Guests included Nekima Levy-Pounds, a law professor from the University of St. Thomas, the rapper Lioness and others who spoke out against a system they charged leads children of color down the school to prison pipeline.

The action was organized by the NAACP’s St. Paul Youth and Collegiate Branch with leader Dua Saleh, a graduate from Central High School and currently a student at Augsburg College. “We are protesting the funneling of youth into prison systems,” Saleh said, as well as the “criminalization, institutionalization and stigmatization of youth of color and low income youth.”

According to Saleh, schools will suspend kids of color for getting into a fight instead of sending them to a counselor or speaking to them with their parents. “That’s problematic because suspensions actually lead kids to being more likely to be homeless at some point in their life or being incarcerated at some point in their life. They’re also more likely to be expelled.”

When Saleh was a student at Central, she was one of the “good” Black kids, she said. “That’s because they had a different understanding of my blackness in comparison to other people’s blackness,” due to the fact that she was in AP and IB classes and was articulate. “I guess so they interpret my blackness in a different way than they interpret other peoples’ blackness.”

Still, she saw how other youth of color and low-income youth “were stigmatized by teachers.” “They were sent out by teachers for tapping their pencils because that was a disruption for some reason. They were sent out by teachers for speaking to each other because they didn’t know how to diffuse situations. It was problematic, and I saw it, and maybe I wasn’t affected by it directly, but I saw people and I know people who were suspended and who are now in jail as a result of this systematic oppression. So that’s how I’m affected by it.””

Read the rest here.

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School-to-Prison Pipeline Analysis Using Civil Rights Data

Indiana Juvenile Justice: “When discussing the school-to-prison pipeline or “school push-out,” an interesting dataset comes from the U.S. Department of Education Civil Rights Data Collection website.  Simply enter a school, scroll to the bottom to the section labeled “Discipline, Restraints/Seclusion, Harassment/Bullying.”  From there, compare the overall school enrollment statistics to the race/ethnicity of the kids who are suspended and expelled.  The most recent data available is from 2009-10.  Data is generally collected biannually, so hopefully additional data will be released soon.  7,000 schools across the country were included in the dataset.

Using Richmond High School, Richmond, Indiana 47374 as an example (data available here):

Black students make up 9.6% of the school enrollment, but 19.5% of the in school suspensions, 13.5% of the out of school suspensions, and 14.3% of the expulsions.

White students make up 76.1% of the school enrollment, 65.9% of the in school suspensions, 70.3% of the out of school suspensions, and, interestingly, 85.7% of the expulsions.

There is also data available on the right side of the charts about law enforcement referrals, restraints, bullying, etc.”

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“Hostile School Climate Perpetuates the School-to-Prison Pipeline for LGBT Students of Color”

ENewsPF: “Washington, D.C.–(ENEWSPF)–February 27, 2014.  Today, as President Barack Obama hosts an event unveiling a new White House initiative on young men of color, the Center for American Progress released a report that stresses the importance of including LGBT youth a part of this crucial conversation. The initiative, which looks for ways to address why young men of color are disproportionately affected by poverty and prison, also presents a great opportunity to consider the unique factors exacerbating those inequalities for black LBGT youth.

“It’s great to see the White House begin to tackle the problems faced by young men of color, especially issues of school push-out and overcriminalization that incarcerate rather than educate far too many of our black youth.” said Aisha Moodie-Mills, co-author of the report and Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress. “LGBT youth, especially those of color, experience similar challenges with school discipline policies as black boys, so any effort to address these issues will go a long way toward boosting outcomes for LGBT youth as well.”

Last month, the Department of Education released groundbreaking legal guidelines on discipline for the first time to address and reduce racial discrimination and disproportionality in school discipline, which has been found to perpetuate a school-to-prison pipeline for black youth, especially boys. This guidance makes tremendous strides in reporting on the stark racial disparities in school discipline, and CAP’s new report sheds light on the similar impact of hostile school climate and zero-tolerance policies on LGBT youth.”

Read the rest here.

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“Can the ‘School-to-Prison’ Pipeline Be Snapped? Up Close with James Bell and Katayoon Majid”

Chicago Bureau: “For those who follow corrections, it comes as little surprise that the United States leads the world in the rates of incarcerated – and it leads with state spending on corrections totaling approximately $52 billion, the bulk of it earmarked for prisons, according to a 2011 Pew Research report.

Of even smaller surprise is that the system is lopsided against minorities – but what can shock is just how skewed the system is. Consider: According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, one in three black men are likely to be imprisoned in his life, while for whites it’s one in 17.

But with reports in recent years out of San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York and even Chicago about how racially skewed the justice system is, and how that imbalance often begins in the school, the knowledge of the issue is starting – starting – to gain traction.

The Juvenile Justice Information Exchange, a website based outside Atlanta and a partner of The Chicago Bureau, held an online discussion recently on youth of color and the juvenile justice system, moderated by JJIE’s Katy McCarthy and featuring James Bell of the W. Haywood Burns Institute and Katayoon Majd of the Public Welfare Foundation. The former works to reduce racial and ethnic disparities for teenagers of color in the American justice system, whereas the latter funds policy reform efforts in the United States.

Although the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 2002 broadened the scope of the ‘disproportionate minority confinement’ (DMC) initiative to that of ‘disproportionate minority contact’ (DMC), Bell finds even that term, so widely used in discourse today, somewhat archaic.

“DMC started in the 80’s,” he said. “As we move into 2014, [we move] to the stage where young people of color are the majority in states like Hawaii, New Mexico, California and Texas. To continue to call people of color a ‘minority’ in places where most of the young people are is backwards thinking.””

Read the rest here.

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“Paper airplanes to suspensions: Solutions Not Suspensions gets students talking about discipline”

Daily Planet: “A frustrated teacher at the helm of an unruly classroom– students shouting, texting and throwing paper airplanes. Although this type of ‘disruptive behavior’ may be a reality for many teachers on a daily basis, this particular scenario was part of a role play exercise performed by students at a recent Solutions Not Suspensions event in North Minneapolis, aimed at getting Minneapolis students involved in school discipline practices.

The goal of this role play was to illustrate how inappropriate behavior might be labeled for students unfamiliar with terms such as ‘insubordination’ and ‘disruptive behavior.’ “It was really shocking for me to see, said Ivy Thomas, a freshman at Harding High School, “because I’ve seen everything that they showed up there, I just didn’t know technical terms. Most of the terms that they were touching base on I really didn’t know, like ‘insubordination.’ I didn’t know what that was.” The role play included students working in small groups to act out “assault,” “harassment,” “extortion,” “disruptive behavior,” and four other terms used to label inappropriate behavior in the Minneapolis Public Schools Code of Conduct.”

Read the rest here.

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